Parental Recognition Timeline.

Ordinance 4/2026, in force 13 March 2026, added civil partners to the definition of relatives but kept birth registration by the father and mother.

Delaware opened its voluntary acknowledgment of parentage to non-genetic and LGBTQ parents.

Montana applied birth-sex definitions to parents or vital records, so trans and non-binary parents are recorded by assigned sex.

North Carolina applied birth-sex definitions to parents or vital records, so trans and non-binary parents are recorded by assigned sex.

The Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration (Birth Certificates) Amendment Bill 2026 passed in June 2026, letting same-sex mothers choose "mother" or "parent".

South Dakota applied birth-sex definitions to parents or vital records, so trans and non-binary parents are recorded by assigned sex.

Adoption framework.

Family Code framework.

The Supreme Court invalidated article 57 of the Aguascalientes Civil Code, allowing recognition without a biological link.

Alabama applied birth-sex definitions to parents or vital records, so trans and non-binary parents are recorded by assigned sex.

No same-sex marriage, so no spouse route to parentage.

The 2025 Code limits joint adoption to two spouses married under article 220-1.

Parentage presumptions excluded for partners from 1 January 2025.

The Court confirmed the invalidity of the leave provisions and gave all parents shared parental leave in the interim.

The Court confirmed the invalidity of the leave provisions and gave all parents shared parental leave in the interim.

The Court confirmed the invalidity of the leave provisions and gave all parents shared parental leave in the interim.

Marriage remains unavailable to same-sex couples, so they cannot use the spousal routes.

Hawai'i opened its voluntary acknowledgment of parentage to non-genetic and LGBTQ parents.

Illinois opened its voluntary acknowledgment of parentage to non-genetic and LGBTQ parents.

Iowa applied birth-sex definitions to parents or vital records, so trans and non-binary parents are recorded by assigned sex.

The Reproductive Rights Act 2025 received Royal Assent on 21 October 2025 and will apply when brought into operation; not yet in force as shown.

Constitutional Court allowed recognition of the intended mother after assisted reproduction abroad.

Reform of birth registration and parentage for same-sex couples took effect on 24 November 2025.

The Court confirmed the invalidity of the leave provisions and gave all parents shared parental leave in the interim.

Marriage opened to same-sex couples from 1 January 2025, with the Civil Code family rules applied to same-sex spouses and their children mutatis mutandis.

The Court confirmed the invalidity of the leave provisions and gave all parents shared parental leave in the interim.

Constitutional Court partnership ruling; parentage law unchanged.

The Court confirmed the invalidity of the leave provisions and gave all parents shared parental leave in the interim.

The Court confirmed the invalidity of the leave provisions and gave all parents shared parental leave in the interim.

The Court confirmed the invalidity of the leave provisions and gave all parents shared parental leave in the interim.

Amendments making parentage presumptions gender-neutral were assented to but await commencement.

Oregon opened its voluntary acknowledgment of parentage to non-genetic and LGBTQ parents.

Constitution defined the mother as a woman and the father as a man.

The new Civil Code defines the mother and father by sex.

Texas defined sex across state law by birth biology, so trans and non-binary parents are recorded by assigned sex.

Marriage became gender-neutral, but parentage wording for father and mother was kept.

West Virginia applied birth-sex definitions to parents or vital records, so trans and non-binary parents are recorded by assigned sex.

The Court confirmed the invalidity of the leave provisions and gave all parents shared parental leave in the interim.

Wyoming applied birth-sex definitions to parents or vital records, so trans and non-binary parents are recorded by assigned sex.

From 1 March 2024 a parent can apply to have the gendered parent title corrected after legal gender recognition.

Same-sex spouses can marry, but parentage rules still define the father as a man, leaving adoption as the route for a second mother.

The Self-Determination Act, in force from 1 November 2024, sets how a changed gender entry applies to parentage; the second mother still has to adopt.

The Self-Determination Act, in force from 1 November 2024, sets how a changed gender entry applies to parentage; the second mother still has to adopt.

The Self-Determination Act, in force from 1 November 2024, sets how a changed gender entry applies to parentage; the second mother still has to adopt.

The Self-Determination Act, in force from 1 November 2024, sets how a changed gender entry applies to parentage; the second mother still has to adopt.

The Self-Determination Act, in force from 1 November 2024, sets how a changed gender entry applies to parentage; the second mother still has to adopt.

Automatic other-parent status for the mother's spouse or registered partner regardless of how the child was conceived, from 1 January 2024.

Automatic other-parent status for the mother's spouse or registered partner regardless of how the child was conceived, from 1 January 2024.

The Hoge Raad upheld the opening of marriage in Curaçao, giving same-sex spouses the spousal adoption route.

Consent to artificial insemination creates parentage of the mother's female spouse.

From 1 March 2024 a parent can apply to have the gendered parent title corrected after legal gender recognition.

The Constitution limits marriage, and so joint adoption, to a man and a woman.

Bars recording a sex other than biological sex in civil records.

Marriage opened without a parentage presumption for a same-sex spouse; leave extended to same-sex parents.

The Danish Children Act, including co-motherhood and trans parentage rules, came into force for Greenland.

The Self-Determination Act, in force from 1 November 2024, sets how a changed gender entry applies to parentage; the second mother still has to adopt.

The Self-Determination Act, in force from 1 November 2024, sets how a changed gender entry applies to parentage; the second mother still has to adopt.

Idaho applied birth-sex definitions to parents or vital records, so trans and non-binary parents are recorded by assigned sex.

The Supreme Court recognised a trans woman as the legal father of her child.

Adoption framework.

Partnership registration from 1 July 2024 without parental rights.

Automatic other-parent status for the mother's spouse or registered partner regardless of how the child was conceived, from 1 January 2024.

The Self-Determination Act, in force from 1 November 2024, sets how a changed gender entry applies to parentage; the second mother still has to adopt.

The Self-Determination Act, in force from 1 November 2024, sets how a changed gender entry applies to parentage; the second mother still has to adopt.

Michigan opened its voluntary acknowledgment of parentage to non-genetic and LGBTQ parents.

Birth registration regulations let each parent choose mother, father or parent from December 2024.

Adoption framework.

The Self-Determination Act, in force from 1 November 2024, sets how a changed gender entry applies to parentage; the second mother still has to adopt.

Amended regulations let both female partners be registered after a pre-conception agreement, without adoption.

Oklahoma applied birth-sex definitions to parents or vital records, so trans and non-binary parents are recorded by assigned sex.

The Self-Determination Act, in force from 1 November 2024, sets how a changed gender entry applies to parentage; the second mother still has to adopt.

The Law, in force on publication on 30 July 2024, replaced Law No. 32/2016 and recognises only marriage between a man and a woman.

The Self-Determination Act, in force from 1 November 2024, sets how a changed gender entry applies to parentage; the second mother still has to adopt.

Automatic other-parent status for the mother's spouse or registered partner regardless of how the child was conceived, from 1 January 2024.

The Self-Determination Act, in force from 1 November 2024, sets how a changed gender entry applies to parentage; the second mother still has to adopt.

The Self-Determination Act, in force from 1 November 2024, sets how a changed gender entry applies to parentage; the second mother still has to adopt.

The Self-Determination Act, in force from 1 November 2024, sets how a changed gender entry applies to parentage; the second mother still has to adopt.

Automatic other-parent status for the mother's spouse or registered partner regardless of how the child was conceived, from 1 January 2024.

The Self-Determination Act, in force from 1 November 2024, sets how a changed gender entry applies to parentage; the second mother still has to adopt.

Automatic other-parent status for the mother's spouse or registered partner regardless of how the child was conceived, from 1 January 2024.

Automatic other-parent status for the mother's spouse or registered partner regardless of how the child was conceived, from 1 January 2024.

Utah applied birth-sex definitions to parents or vital records, so trans and non-binary parents are recorded by assigned sex.

Automatic other-parent status for the mother's spouse or registered partner regardless of how the child was conceived, from 1 January 2024.

Automatic other-parent status for the mother's spouse or registered partner regardless of how the child was conceived, from 1 January 2024.

The rules moved into the national code (Provimento 149/2023).

The rules moved into the national code (Provimento 149/2023).

Banned change of the sex entry in civil status records except for treatment of congenital anomalies.

Banned change of the sex entry in civil status records except for treatment of congenital anomalies.

The rules moved into the national code (Provimento 149/2023).

The rules moved into the national code (Provimento 149/2023).

Banned change of the sex entry in civil status records except for treatment of congenital anomalies.

Ley 4/2023 extended registration of the non-birth mother to unmarried women, from 2 March 2023.

The Supreme Court declined to recognise same-sex unions or open joint adoption to unmarried couples.

The Supreme Court declined to recognise same-sex unions or open joint adoption to unmarried couples.

Ley 4/2023 extended registration of the non-birth mother to unmarried women, from 2 March 2023.

Banned change of the sex entry in civil status records except for treatment of congenital anomalies.

The Supreme Court declined to recognise same-sex unions or open joint adoption to unmarried couples.

The Supreme Court declined to recognise same-sex unions or open joint adoption to unmarried couples.

Banned change of the sex entry in civil status records except for treatment of congenital anomalies.

Ley 4/2023 extended registration of the non-birth mother to unmarried women, from 2 March 2023.