Bias-Motivated Crime Timeline.

New Criminal Code audited: general motive factor, no hate aggravation; art 243 hostility offence without sexual orientation or gender identity.

No interpretation or statute covering intersex people.

Criminal code audited: no aggravation or incitement rule naming sexual orientation, gender identity or sex characteristics.

Current state penal code audited for bias aggravations naming sexual orientation, gender identity or sex characteristics.

Current state rule audited for this result: covers race, colour, religion, national origin, ethnicity and physical or mental disability; scope: any felony or misdemeanour.

No interpretation or statute covering intersex people.

Current state rule audited for this result: covers race, sex, colour, creed, physical or mental disability, ancestry and national origin; scope: felony sentencing.

Created a hate crime offence for any federal offence motivated by hatred, defined hatred, and repealed the religious-text defence to wilful promotion of hatred; in force 18 July 2026.

No interpretation or statute covering intersex people.

No interpretation or statute covering intersex people.

Substituted s 18 (offences against transgender persons, 6 months to 2 years) and narrowed the definition of transgender person.

Substituted s 18 (offences against transgender persons, 6 months to 2 years) and narrowed the definition of transgender person.

No bias aggravation naming gender identity or sex characteristics.

No bias aggravation naming gender identity or sex characteristics.

Current state rule audited for this result: covers race, colour, religion, national origin, sexual orientation, gender and disability; scope: felony sentencing only (an aggravating circumstance under 13-701);…

Current state rule audited for this result: covers a "recognizable and identifiable group or class" sharing mental, physical, biological, cultural, political or religious characteristics, with no ground named; scope:…

Criminal code audited; no bias aggravation.

Substituted s 18 (offences against transgender persons, 6 months to 2 years) and narrowed the definition of transgender person.

Substituted s 18 (offences against transgender persons, 6 months to 2 years) and narrowed the definition of transgender person.

Added a federal sentencing aggravation for hatred, limited to race and national or ethnic origin, so it does not reach these identities.

Current criminal law audited; no bias aggravation on these grounds.

No interpretation or statute covering intersex people.

Current state penal code audited for bias aggravations naming sexual orientation, gender identity or sex characteristics.

Current state penal code audited for bias aggravations naming sexual orientation, gender identity or sex characteristics.

Current criminal law audited; no bias aggravation on these grounds.

Current criminal law audited; no bias aggravation on these grounds.

Substituted s 18 (offences against transgender persons, 6 months to 2 years) and narrowed the definition of transgender person.

Criminal code audited; no bias aggravation.

Created a hate crime offence for any federal offence motivated by hatred, defined hatred, and repealed the religious-text defence to wilful promotion of hatred; in force 18 July 2026.

No bias aggravation naming gender identity or sex characteristics.

The new Criminal Code entered into force on 1 September 2026 and makes discriminatory motive an aggravating factor for all offences, on grounds including sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex…

Current state rule audited for this result: covers disability, gender (defined as sex, including gender identity and gender expression), nationality, race or ethnicity, religion and sexual orientation; scope: any…

Current state penal code audited for bias aggravations naming sexual orientation, gender identity or sex characteristics.

Current criminal law audited; no bias aggravation on these grounds.

No interpretation or statute covering intersex people.

Substituted s 18 (offences against transgender persons, 6 months to 2 years) and narrowed the definition of transgender person.

Substituted s 18 (offences against transgender persons, 6 months to 2 years) and narrowed the definition of transgender person.

Current state penal code audited for bias aggravations naming sexual orientation, gender identity or sex characteristics.

Current state penal code audited for bias aggravations naming sexual orientation, gender identity or sex characteristics.

Added a federal sentencing aggravation for hatred, limited to race and national or ethnic origin, so it does not reach these identities.

WA hate provisions limited to race.

Current state penal code audited for bias aggravations naming sexual orientation, gender identity or sex characteristics.

Added a federal sentencing aggravation for hatred, limited to race and national or ethnic origin, so it does not reach these identities.

WA hate provisions limited to race.

Current state penal code audited for bias aggravations naming sexual orientation, gender identity or sex characteristics.

No ground naming gender identity or sex characteristics.

Current state rule audited for this result: covers race, colour, religion, ancestry, national origin, disability, sexual orientation and transgender identity (defined as a gender identity or expression different from…

Current state rule audited for this result: covers race, religion, ethnicity, disability, sex, sexual orientation and gender identity or expression; scope: intimidation by physical injury, physical contact, property…

Criminal code audited; no bias aggravation.

Sexual orientation, age, sex and disability were added to the general aggravating circumstance in § 42(b), to aggravated forms of violent offences and to § 356 incitement to hatred or violence.

Substituted s 18 (offences against transgender persons, 6 months to 2 years) and narrowed the definition of transgender person.

Current state rule audited for this result: covers race, religion, colour, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity (a gender-related identity, appearance, expression or behaviour regardless of assigned sex),…

Substituted s 18 (offences against transgender persons, 6 months to 2 years) and narrowed the definition of transgender person.

No bias aggravation naming gender identity or sex characteristics.

Current code audited through secondary reporting; no named-ground bias aggravation.

Current state penal code audited for bias aggravations naming sexual orientation, gender identity or sex characteristics.

No interpretation or statute covering intersex people.

No interpretation or statute covering intersex people.

The new Criminal Code entered into force on 1 September 2026 and makes discriminatory motive an aggravating factor for all offences, on grounds including sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression and sex…

Current state rule audited for this result: covers race, colour, ancestry, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, homeless status and advanced age; scope: any felony or misdemeanour.

General aggravation covering sex, sexual orientation and gender identity.

General aggravation covering sex, sexual orientation and gender identity.

Criminal law audited for Gambia: no rule names sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or sex characteristics.

Current state rule audited for this result: covers race, colour, religion, national origin, sex, sexual orientation, gender, and mental or physical disability; scope: any felony and only the designated misdemeanours of…

From 23 July 2026 transgender identity was added to the stirring up offences, the aggravated offences and s 117A, with a parallel free speech clause (s 111B).

Substituted s 18 (offences against transgender persons, 6 months to 2 years) and narrowed the definition of transgender person.

No interpretation or statute covering intersex people.

No bias aggravation naming gender identity or sex characteristics.

General aggravation covering sex, sexual orientation and gender identity.

Current state penal code audited for bias aggravations naming sexual orientation, gender identity or sex characteristics.

Current criminal law audited; no bias aggravation on these grounds.

Current state penal code audited for bias aggravations naming sexual orientation, gender identity or sex characteristics.

Substituted s 18 (offences against transgender persons, 6 months to 2 years) and narrowed the definition of transgender person.

Current criminal law audited; no bias aggravation on these grounds.

Substituted s 18 (offences against transgender persons, 6 months to 2 years) and narrowed the definition of transgender person.

Current state rule audited for this result: covers race, religion, disability, ethnicity, national origin, gender identity or expression and sexual orientation; scope: extended terms for felonies; misdemeanours are not…

Current state penal code audited for bias aggravations naming sexual orientation, gender identity or sex characteristics.

Substituted s 18 (offences against transgender persons, 6 months to 2 years) and narrowed the definition of transgender person.

Current state rule audited for this result: covers race, colour, religion, ancestry and national origin; scope: injury, property damage and threats.

Current state rule audited for this result: covers race, colour, creed, religion, ancestry, gender, sexual orientation (defined to include gender-related identity), disability and national origin; scope: any offence for…

Current state rule audited for this result: covers any attribute the court chooses to consider, including those in IC 10-13-3-1 (colour, creed, disability, national origin, race, religion and sexual orientation); gender…

New Criminal Code audited: general motive factor, no hate aggravation; art 243 hostility offence without sexual orientation or gender identity.

Current state rule audited for this result: covers race, colour, religion, ancestry, national origin, political affiliation, sex, sexual orientation, age and disability; scope: only bias assault, violation of individual…

Current state penal code audited for bias aggravations naming sexual orientation, gender identity or sex characteristics.

Current criminal law audited; no bias aggravation on these grounds.

Substituted s 18 (offences against transgender persons, 6 months to 2 years) and narrowed the definition of transgender person.

Added a federal sentencing aggravation for hatred, limited to race and national or ethnic origin, so it does not reach these identities.

Substituted s 18 (offences against transgender persons, 6 months to 2 years) and narrowed the definition of transgender person.

Current state rule audited for this result: covers race, colour, religion, ethnicity, national origin and sexual orientation; scope: only as a factor for an upward departure in felony sentencing; misdemeanours are not…

Substituted s 18 (offences against transgender persons, 6 months to 2 years) and narrowed the definition of transgender person.

Current state rule audited for this result: covers race, colour, religion, sexual orientation and national origin; scope: only listed offences (assault, homicide-related, menacing, wanton endangerment, sexual offences,…

Substituted s 18 (offences against transgender persons, 6 months to 2 years) and narrowed the definition of transgender person.

No hate aggravation or incitement rule naming these identities.

Substituted s 18 (offences against transgender persons, 6 months to 2 years) and narrowed the definition of transgender person.

Substituted s 18 (offences against transgender persons, 6 months to 2 years) and narrowed the definition of transgender person.

Current state rule audited for this result: covers race, age, gender, religion, colour, creed, disability, sexual orientation, national origin or ancestry, and organisational membership; scope: only listed offences…

Substituted s 18 (offences against transgender persons, 6 months to 2 years) and narrowed the definition of transgender person.

Substituted s 18 (offences against transgender persons, 6 months to 2 years) and narrowed the definition of transgender person.

Current state rule audited for this result: covers race, colour, religion, sex, ancestry, national origin, physical or mental disability, sexual orientation, gender identity or homelessness; scope: any crime, as a…

Substituted s 18 (offences against transgender persons, 6 months to 2 years) and narrowed the definition of transgender person.