
Colombia
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Learn about Colombia
Beyond the scoreLearn about Colombia.Official names, languages, local time and practical context for understanding Colombia beyond its legal score.
Destination overview
About Colombia.
Where Three Andean Ranges Meet the Sea
Colombia is the only country in South America with coastlines on both the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, and that geographical generosity sets the tone for everything here. Snow-capped volcanoes give way to coffee-covered hillsides, which tumble into tropical lowlands before meeting two entirely different oceans. The Andes split into three distinct ranges as they pass through the country, carving out valleys where colonial cities and flower farms share the altitude. Exploring Colombia means moving through half a dozen climates in a single day.
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Cities That Reward Curiosity
Bogotá sits at 2,600 metres in the Eastern Andes, its historic La Candelaria neighbourhood layered with street art, colonial churches and the world-class Gold Museum. Medellín reinvented itself through design and public transport, with outdoor escalators connecting hillside comunas and the Botanical Garden anchoring a lively cultural quarter. Cartagena's walled old city glows amber at dusk, its fortified ramparts overlooking a Caribbean that remains a vivid, impossible blue. Each city carries a distinct personality worth several days of unhurried attention.
Coffee, Flowers and the Eje Cafetero
The Coffee Cultural Landscape, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, spreads across the departments of Caldas, Risaralda and Quindío. Here, traditional bamboo architecture and steep slopes planted with coffee and wax palms define a landscape that has been cultivated for generations. Salento is the region's most visited town, its painted balconies leading to viewpoints over the Cocora Valley where the towering wax palm, Colombia's national tree, punctuates the skyline like exclamation marks. The Eje Cafetero is as photogenic as it is delicious.
Wilderness from Amazon to Caribbean
Beyond the cities and coffee farms, Colombia holds extraordinary natural range. Tayrona National Park protects jungle-backed Caribbean beaches of striking beauty, while the Amazon in the south gives access to river wildlife and indigenous communities around Leticia. Los Llanos stretches east in a vast savanna that floods seasonally, drawing extraordinary concentrations of birds and capybaras. The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, the world's highest coastal mountain range, rises straight from the Caribbean shore and shelters the ancient Ciudad Perdida, a pre-Columbian city reached only on foot.
Official and Indigenous Names
- Republic of Colombia (English)
- República de Colombia (Spanish)
Regions
- Andean States
- Northern South America
Continent
- South America
Resident population
48,258,494
2018 data
Capitals and seats of government
- Bacatá, BogotáBOG
Currency
- Colombian Peso (COP · CO$)
Driving side
- right side of the road
Electricity
Language
Spanish
Official by law · ISO 639-3: spa
Current time and time zone
Colombia TimeCOT
America/Bogota
Largest cities by resident population
- BogotáBOG · 7,387,400
2018 data
- MedellínMDE · 2,382,399
2018 data
- CaliCLO · 2,172,527
2018 data
- BarranquillaBAQ · 1,205,284
2018 data
- CartagenaCTG · 1,028,736
2018 data
Busiest airports by total passengers
- El Dorado International AirportBOG · 39,483,629 annual passenger movements
2023 data
- José María Córdova International AirportMDE · 11,871,979 annual passenger movements
2023 data
- Alfonso Bonilla Aragón International AirportCLO · 6,615,106 annual passenger movements
2023 data
- Rafael Núñez International AirportCTG · 6,388,148 annual passenger movements
2023 data
- Ernesto Cortissoz International AirportBAQ · 3,184,185 annual passenger movements
2023 data