
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Legal breakdown by identity
Learn about Bosnia and Herzegovina
Beyond the scoreLearn about Bosnia and Herzegovina.Official names, languages, local time and practical context for understanding Bosnia and Herzegovina beyond its legal score.
Destination overview
About Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Where minarets meet mountain peaks
Bosnia and Herzegovina sits at one of Europe's great cultural crossroads, where centuries of Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian and Slavic heritage have layered themselves into something entirely its own. Sarajevo's old bazaar quarter, Baščaršija, still hums with coppersmiths and coffee houses, while a few streets away Austro-Hungarian facades line broad boulevards. The country's three constituent territories each bring a different character, from the river valleys of the Federation to the rolling hills of Republika Srpska and the compact crossroads of Brčko District.
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Bridges and stone
Mostar's Stari Most is among the most recognisable bridges in the Balkans, its pale stone arch curving high above the turquoise Neretva. But quieter marvels are everywhere. In Jajce, a waterfall tumbles directly beneath the old town walls. The medieval tombstones known as stećci, scattered across highland meadows, carry mysterious carvings that have puzzled scholars for centuries and earned UNESCO World Heritage status. Počitelj's stone houses climb a hillside fortress like steps, each one angled for the best possible view of the valley below.
Rivers that run green
The country's rivers are among the cleanest and wildest in Europe. The Una rushes through forested canyons in a blur of rapids and emerald pools, while the Tara and Neretva draw rafters and kayakers from across the continent. Kravica's wide curtain of waterfalls crashes into a natural pool ringed by fig trees, and the Buna springs at Blagaj emerge fully formed from a cliff face beneath a sixteenth-century Dervish house. The Dinaric Alps provide the backdrop, with peaks that hold snow well into spring and trails that rarely feel crowded.
Ćevapi and copper
Bosnian cuisine is hearty, smoky and deeply social. Ćevapi, small grilled sausages served in warm somun bread with raw onion, might be the national obsession, debated with fierce local loyalty across Sarajevo, Travnik and Banja Luka. Burek comes in spirals of flaky pastry stuffed with meat, cheese or spinach, best eaten with a pot of plain yoghurt. And then there is Bosnian coffee, served unfiltered in a small copper džezva, poured slowly and sipped even slower. It is not espresso. It is a ritual, and rushing it would miss the point entirely.
Official names
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (English)
- Bosna i Hercegovina (Bosnian)
- Bosna i Hercegovina (Croatian)
- Босна и Херцеговина (Bosna i Hercegovina) (Serbian)
Region
- Balkansall, Applies to all constituent destinations
Continent
- Europeall, Applies to all constituent destinations
Total population
3,531,159
2013 data
Capital
- SarajevoSJJ
Currency
- Bosnian Convertible Markall, Applies to all constituent destinations (BAM · KM)
Driving side
- rightall, Applies to all constituent destinations side of the road
Electricity
Languages
Bosnianall, Applies to all constituent destinations
Official by lawall, Applies to all constituent destinations · ISO 639-3: bos
Croatianall, Applies to all constituent destinations
Official by lawall, Applies to all constituent destinations · ISO 639-3: hrv
Serbianall, Applies to all constituent destinations
Official by lawall, Applies to all constituent destinations · ISO 639-3: srp
Yugoslavian Sign Languageall, Applies to all constituent destinations
Official in practice2, Applies to Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina · Official by law1, Applies to Brčko District · Indigenous3, Applies to Republika Srpska · ISO 639-3: ysl
Romaniall, Applies to all constituent destinations
Indigenousall, Applies to all constituent destinations · ISO 639-3: rmy
Balkan Romani1 and 3, Applies to Brčko District and Republika Srpska
Indigenous1 and 3, Applies to Brčko District and Republika Srpska · ISO 639-3: rmn
Current time and time zone
- all, Applies to all constituent destinations
Central European TimeCET
Europe/Sarajevo · Standard CET, daylight CEST
Largest cities
- SarajevoSJJ · 275,524
Located in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina · 2013 data
- Banja LukaBNX · 185,042
Located in Republika Srpska · 2013 data
- TuzlaTZL · 120,441
Located in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina · 2013 data
- Zenica · 115,134
Located in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina · 2013 data
- Bijeljina · 107,715
Located in Republika Srpska · 2013 data
Busiest airports
- Sarajevo International AirportSJJ · 1,821,762 annual passenger movements
Located in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina · 2024 data
- Banja Luka International AirportBNX · 484,711 annual passenger movements
Located in Republika Srpska · 2025 data
- Tuzla International AirportTZL · 338,132 annual passenger movements
Located in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina · 2025 data
- Mostar International AirportOMO · 47,544 annual passenger movements
Located in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina · 2024 data