
Iraq
Legal breakdown by identity
Learn about Iraq
Beyond the scoreLearn about Iraq.Official names, languages, local time and practical context for understanding Iraq beyond its legal score.
Destination overview
About Iraq.
The Cradle of Civilisation
Iraq sits at the heart of ancient Mesopotamia, where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers carved out the world's first cities thousands of years ago. Babylon, Ur and Nineveh are not just names in history books here; they are places you can stand in and feel the weight of human time beneath your feet. For those drawn to archaeology and the deep story of how civilisation began, Iraq is like nowhere else on earth.
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Baghdad: Ancient City, Living Capital
Baghdad is a city of extraordinary contradictions: a medieval Islamic golden age legacy wrapped around a modern, chaotic and surprisingly warm metropolis. The Iraq Museum holds one of the finest collections of ancient artefacts in the world, while the Mutanabbi Street book market has been a centre of intellectual life for centuries. The smell of cardamom tea drifting from the old souks is reason enough to linger.
Sacred Cities of the South
Najaf and Karbala are among the most significant pilgrimage destinations in the Islamic world, drawing millions of visitors each year to their glittering shrines and deeply spiritual atmosphere. The Imam Ali Shrine in Najaf and the Imam Hussein Shrine in Karbala are architectural masterpieces as much as religious landmarks. Even outside times of pilgrimage, the devotion and quiet intensity of these cities is genuinely moving.
Kurdistan: Mountains and a Different World
The Kurdistan Region in northern Iraq is a world apart: green mountain valleys, ancient citadels, cool summers and a distinct culture that has been welcoming travellers with genuine warmth for years. Erbil's ancient citadel, continuously inhabited for over six thousand years, sits at the centre of a city that has been rebuilding its tourism infrastructure with real ambition. Hiking, waterfalls and the remarkable Lalish temple await those willing to venture further into the hills.
Official names
- Republic of Iraq (English)
- جمهورية العراق (Al-Jumhuriyya al-Iraqiyya) (Arabic)
Region
- Middle East
Continent
- Asia
Total population
42,519,978
2024 data
Capital
- بغداد, BaghdadBGW
Currency
- Iraqi Dinar (IQD · ع.د)
Driving side
- right side of the road
Electricity
Power outages are common. A universal adaptor and surge protector are strongly recommended.
Languages
Arabic
Official by law · ISO 639-3: ara
Kurdish
Official by law · ISO 639-3: kur
Current time and time zone
Arabia Standard TimeAST
Asia/Baghdad
Largest cities
- BaghdadBGW · 7,682,136
2023 data
- BasraBSR · 2,750,000
2021 data
- Mosul · 1,800,000
2021 data
- ErbilEBL · 1,500,000
2021 data
- NajafNJF · 1,200,000
2021 data
Busiest airports
- Baghdad International AirportBGW · 7,200,000 annual passenger movements
2023 data
- Erbil International AirportEBL · 3,100,000 annual passenger movements
2023 data
- Basra International AirportBSR · 2,400,000 annual passenger movements
2023 data
- Najaf International AirportNJF · 1,800,000 annual passenger movements
2023 data
- Sulaymaniyah International AirportISU · 900,000 annual passenger movements
2023 data