
Iran
Legal breakdown by identity
Learn about Iran
Beyond the scoreLearn about Iran.Official names, languages, local time and practical context for understanding Iran beyond its legal score.
Destination overview
About Iran.
A Civilisation Written in Stone and Tile
Few places on earth carry the weight of history quite like Iran. From the ceremonial terraces of Persepolis to the mud brick labyrinths of Yazd, the country is an open archive of human achievement stretching back more than 2,500 years. The Persian Empire once reached from Greece to India, and the ambition of that era still echoes in grand palaces, intricate garden designs, and the extraordinary precision of its stonework. Every town seems to have a ruin worth a detour.
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Isfahan and the Splendour of the Safavids
Isfahan was once described as half the world, and it still commands that kind of awe. The Naqsh-e Jahan Square is among the largest public squares on the planet, framed by the turquoise arches of the Shah Mosque, the intimate elegance of the Sheikh Lotfollah Mosque, and the Ali Qapu palace. Bridges built across the Zayandeh River double as social spaces even today, where locals gather at dusk to talk, eat, and watch the light change on the water. The bazaar behind the square is a living city within a city.
Desert, Mountain, and the Sea
Iran's geography is startlingly varied. The Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Lut are among the most dramatic deserts on earth, their salt flats and sand dunes stretching to every horizon. The Alborz range rises sharply north of Tehran, offering ski fields in winter and wildflower meadows come spring. On the southern coast the warm waters of the Persian Gulf lap at port towns with their own distinct character, while the Caspian littoral in the north is lush, green, and perpetually humid. Getting from one landscape to another is itself part of the experience.
Hospitality as a Way of Life
Travellers consistently describe Iranian hospitality as something that catches them off guard. Strangers invite guests for tea, families insist on sharing meals, and shopkeepers decline payment on principle for small kindnesses. Persian cuisine matches this generosity in its depth: saffron rice dishes, slow-braised herb stews, pomegranate and walnut sauces, and sweets perfumed with rosewater and cardamom. The bazaars of Tehran, Shiraz, and Tabriz are sensory experiences in their own right, piled with spices, carpets, dried fruits, and handcrafted copperware.
Official names
- Islamic Republic of Iran (English)
- جمهوری اسلامی ایران (Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran) (Persian)
Region
- Middle East
Continent
- Asia
Total population
85,000,000
2023 data
Capital
- TehranTHR
Currency
- Iranian Rial (IRR · ﷼)
Driving side
- right side of the road
Electricity
Languages
Persian
Official by law · ISO 639-3: fas
Arabic
Indigenous · ISO 639-3: ara
Azerbaijani
Indigenous · ISO 639-3: aze
Gilaki
Indigenous · ISO 639-3: glk
Kurdish
Indigenous · ISO 639-3: kur
Show 1 more language
Mazanderani
Indigenous · ISO 639-3: mzn
Current time and time zone
Iran Standard TimeIRST
Asia/Tehran
Largest cities
- TehranTHR · 8,693,706
2016 data
- MashhadMHD · 3,001,184
2016 data
- IsfahanIFN · 1,961,260
2016 data
- Karaj · 1,592,492
2016 data
- ShirazSYZ · 1,565,572
2016 data
Busiest airports
- Mehrabad International AirportTHR · 12,300,000 annual passenger movements
2023 data
- Imam Khomeini International AirportIKA · 10,000,000 annual passenger movements
2019 data
- Mashhad International AirportMHD · 4,000,000 annual passenger movements
2023 data
- Isfahan International AirportIFN · 2,000,000 annual passenger movements
2023 data